Many people who study philosophy to live more meaningful lives have heard of existential angst but may not grasp its importance in Kierkegaard’s philosophy. Understanding this concept can greatly enhance how philosophy aids our quest for a purposeful existence. In the following text, we’ll delve into Kierkegaard’s philosophy, explore the idea of existential angst, and examine their significance in our philosophical journey towards a more meaningful life.
Key features of Kierkegaard’s philosophy
Søren Kierkegaard, a Danish philosopher, is often considered the father of existentialism. His philosophy emphasizes the importance of individual experience and the subjective nature of truth. Kierkegaard believed that the journey of self-discovery and understanding one’s existence is deeply personal and cannot be guided by societal norms or expectations. He introduced the concept of “the leap of faith,” the idea that individuals must go beyond rationality and embrace belief in God to find true meaning in life. Another key feature of his thought is the exploration of the “three stages of life,” which are the aesthetic, ethical, and religious stages. Each stage represents a different approach to living and understanding life, from pursuing pleasure and sensuous experiences to embracing ethical duties, and finally, finding a relationship with the divine. Kierkegaard also focused on the concepts of anxiety and despair, seeing them as integral to authentic living. For Kierkegaard, facing these feelings head-on leads an individual closer to self-awareness and genuine faith. His work underscores the significance of personal decision-making and the courage required to live authentically, challenging the reader to examine their own existence and beliefs.
What is existential angst?
Existential angst is a concept in philosophy that reflects a deep feeling of anxiety or dread. It arises from the human awareness of free will and the burden it brings. This notion suggests that individuals are responsible for giving their own lives purpose, in a world that lacks inherent meaning. The realization of this burden can lead to feelings of uncertainty and unease, as people grapple with the freedom to choose and its consequences. This freedom to shape one’s own life is overwhelming, as it implies that one’s life is not predetermined, and meaning is not placed upon it by any external source.
Existential angst is rooted in the struggle between desire for meaning and the apparent absence of any prescribed destiny. It often leads to a questioning of existence itself and encourages individuals to reflect on their place in the universe and the choices they must make. This internal conflict is what existential philosophers refer to as angst or anxiety. It’s a natural part of the human condition, serving as a reminder of the weight of personal responsibility and the freedom that underpins human existence. Despite its unsettling nature, existential angst highlights the unique capability of humans to ponder life’s complexities and to seek meaning through their lived experiences.
Here’s an example that demonstrates this philosophical idea. Imagine a young man, Alex, who has always followed the path set forth by his family and society. He graduated from college, secured a stable job, and even got engaged to his long-term partner. Despite having achieved these conventional milestones, Alex feels an overwhelming emptiness inside. Every day, he goes through the motions, plagued by an unsettling sense of discomfort. This feeling crept in gradually, beginning on an ordinary morning during his commute to work. Sitting on the crowded train, he suddenly questioned the meaning and value of his choices and the life he was living. He felt an inexplicable restlessness, as though his surroundings were unfamiliar and disconnected. The certainty and confidence he once possessed eroded, replaced by a nagging anxiety about his very existence and purpose. Alex’s daily routine, once predictable, now felt suffocating as he grappled with this pervasive sense of angst.
Challenges to existential angst
Existential angst, the profound sense of unease and uncertainty about the meaning and purpose of life, has been a topic of great interest for philosophers throughout history. While many philosophers find value in exploring and understanding existential angst, there are those who object to or reject Kierkegaard’s view on this matter. Here are a few reasons why some philosophers take issue with Kierkegaard’s perspective:
- Subjectivity and Individuality: Some philosophers argue that Kierkegaard’s focus on individual subjective experience neglects the broader social and cultural factors that contribute to existential angst. They contend that existential angst is not solely an individual struggle but is also shaped by societal and historical contexts. This objection suggests that Kierkegaard’s view fails to acknowledge the collective nature of human existence.
- Religious Bias: Kierkegaard’s understanding of existential angst is deeply rooted in his Christian beliefs. Critics argue that his perspective may not be universally applicable, as it heavily relies on religious concepts and assumes a religious framework. Those who reject Kierkegaard’s view often propose alternative explanations for existential angst that are not tied to religious or theological notions.
- Lack of Empirical Evidence: Some philosophers demand empirical evidence to support claims about existential angst. They argue that Kierkegaard’s view is based on subjective experiences and introspection, which may not provide objective or verifiable evidence for the existence or nature of existential angst. These critics contend that a more scientific approach is necessary to study and understand the phenomenon.
- Existentialist Alternatives: Other philosophers propose alternative theories of existential angst that differ from Kierkegaard’s perspective. They may emphasize different aspects of human existence or offer alternative explanations for the origins and nature of existential angst. These alternative views challenge Kierkegaard’s account and contribute to the ongoing dialogue surrounding existential angst.
It is important to note that while some philosophers object to or reject Kierkegaard’s view on existential angst, others find his insights valuable and insightful. Philosophy is a dynamic field with diverse perspectives, and the objections raised highlight the ongoing debate surrounding existential angst and its interpretation. By exploring these objections, philosophers contribute to a deeper understanding of existential angst and its significance in human life.
Why existential angst is important to Kierkegaard’s philosophy
These are some of the main reasons why grasping the concept of existential angst is crucial to comprehending Kierkegaard’s philosophy.
- Central to Human Experience
Existential angst is crucial to understanding Kierkegaard’s philosophy because it reflects the profound anxiety and dread often felt in the human experience. Kierkegaard posits that acknowledging the inevitability of this angst is essential for individuals to face their existence authentically. It becomes a motivator for individuals to confront their own freedom and the responsibilities that come with it. This unsettling feeling pushes them to make conscious choices that define their essence, rather than succumbing to societal norms or external pressures. Recognizing existential angst allows individuals to appreciate the profundity of human life, as it forces them to confront life’s ultimate questions and seek their own truth amidst uncertainty.
- Leap of Faith and Individual Choice
Another reason why existential angst is vital in Kierkegaard’s philosophy is its connection to the concept of the “leap of faith.” Kierkegaard emphasizes the importance of personal decision-making and the leap of faith as integral acts in forming one’s beliefs and identity. Existential angst emerges at the juncture where rationality fails to provide answers to existential questions. This discomfort challenges individuals to step beyond logical reasoning and place their faith in something inherently uncertain. Kierkegaard suggests that facing this angst compels individuals to make a conscious and deliberate choice about their existence, leading them to embrace a personal relationship with the divine or pursue other transcendent values that resonate with them personally.
- Path to Authenticity
Kierkegaard’s philosophy underscores existential angst as a pathway to authenticity. Through the experience of angst, individuals are confronted with their genuine self, stripped away from the distractions of everyday life. This confrontation with angst demands introspection and self-awareness, pushing individuals to question the roles and masks they adopt to fit into societal molds. It is through this uncomfortable process that they can discover their true desires and values. Kierkegaard believes that by facing and acknowledging existential angst, individuals embark on a journey of self-discovery that fuels authentic living. Embracing this unease allows them to chart their own course in life, driven by personal conviction rather than adhering to prescribed social paths.
Contrasting Kierkegaard’s philosophy with Hegel’s
One of the defining features of Kierkegaard’s philosophy is his exploration of existential angst, which sets it apart from the rationalist and optimistic perspectives found in many of his contemporaries, such as Hegelian philosophy. Hegel focused on the concept of absolute idealism, where reality unfolds in a rational process that is ultimately stable and self-realizing. In contrast, Kierkegaard described a deeply personal and subjective experience of “angst” or “anxiety,” particularly in relation to one’s freedom and responsibility. This angst arises from the human condition and the recognition of one’s own existential freedom—the daunting awareness of the many possibilities that lie ahead without any predefined path guidance.
Where Hegel viewed history as an intelligible progression toward a more rational society, Kierkegaard perceived the individual’s journey as filled with uncertainty and anxiety. This acceptance of angst highlights the inherent unpredictability and complexity of existence that each person must confront independently. While Hegelian philosophy emphasized coherence and synthesis in historical and logical terms, Kierkegaard insisted that confronting existential angst is an integral part of understanding personal purpose and authenticity in life. This focus on personal emotional struggle and anxiety represents a deeply different approach to understanding human existence, setting Kierkegaard’s work apart by acknowledging the emotional depth and the individual’s struggle to find meaning in an often indifferent universe.
Existential Angst, Kierkegaard’s philosophy and the meaning of life
Reflecting on existential angst, whether or not you agree with Kierkegaard’s view, holds practical importance as you work on developing your own philosophy of life. Existential angst, as described by Kierkegaard, refers to the profound sense of unease, uncertainty, and emptiness that individuals may experience when confronted with the fundamental questions and complexities of existence.
While this may initially seem like a daunting concept, taking the time to reflect on existential angst can offer valuable insights into your values, goals, and overall outlook on life. It prompts you to explore life’s deeper meaning, question societal norms and expectations, and ultimately shape your own unique perspective.
By engaging with this topic, you gain the opportunity to examine your beliefs, values, and priorities. It encourages you to contemplate what truly matters to you, what brings you fulfillment, and what you aspire to achieve in your personal and professional endeavors. This introspective process can guide you in making choices aligned with your authentic self, leading to a more fulfilling and purpose-driven life.
Moreover, reflecting on existential angst fosters self-awareness and introspection. It invites you to confront your fears, uncertainties, and limitations, which in turn can facilitate personal growth and resilience. By acknowledging and accepting the inherent uncertainties of life, you can develop a sense of inner strength and adaptability, enabling you to navigate challenges with greater wisdom and equanimity.
Additionally, contemplating existential questions can help you cultivate empathy and compassion towards others. Recognizing the shared human experience of grappling with life’s complexities can foster a deeper understanding and connection with those around you. It encourages you to approach interactions with empathy, kindness, and a willingness to support others as they navigate their own existential journeys.
In summary, reflecting on existential angst, regardless of your agreement or disagreement with Kierkegaard’s view, is of practical importance as you develop your philosophy of life. It offers an opportunity for self-discovery, self-awareness, and personal growth. By engaging with these profound questions, you can shape your values, priorities, and perspectives, leading to a more meaningful and purposeful existence. Embrace this journey of self-reflection, and let it guide you towards a life that aligns with your true essence and aspirations.